In the context of this analysis, the p-value is used to determine the statistical significance of the observed proportion of patients with gametocytes at the time of diagnosis compared to a hypothetical proportion (in this case, 50%). Here's how to interpret the p-values:
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P-value < 0.05: This indicates that the observed proportion is statistically significantly different from the hypothetical proportion of 50%. In other words, there is strong evidence against the null hypothesis, suggesting that the gametocyte carriage rate is not equal to 50%.
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P-value >= 0.05: This suggests that there is not enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis, meaning the observed proportion is not significantly different from 50%.
In our analysis:
- For Birbir - Pf, the p-value is extremely low (3.94e-31), indicating a significant difference from 50%.
- For Birbir - Pv, the p-value is 0.0129, also indicating a significant difference.
- For Methara - Pf, the p-value is 7.97e-27, showing a significant difference.
- For Methara - Pv, the p-value is 2.54e-16, indicating a significant difference.
All these p-values are less than 0.05, suggesting that the gametocyte carriage rates are significantly different from 50% for all groups.